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  • Abstract

    This study attempts to explain the factors of satisfaction in the patient's perspective from the private healthcare sector of Lahore. The data was collected from in-patients of eight major hospitals in Lahore city of Pakistan. The study distributed 450 questionnaires among patients of different hospitals for data collection and received 322 fully filled questionnaires for data analysis. The study applied different statistical tools to analyze the data. The findings show that among all six variables, physical facility is the most influential predictor of patient satisfaction in the private healthcare sector of Lahore. The analysis further explored that all hypotheses of the study are proved to be true and significant.

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    Muhammad Ghulam Shabeer, Shoukat Riaz & Faheem Riaz

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    Kasur is well-known for its enormous leather industry, however the city pays a high price in terms of water pollution as a result of this business. Water within a broad radius of this leather manufacturing sector has been designated unfit to drink. As a result, this contaminated water has a negative impact on human health. This research is a small attempt to investigate the problems produced by water contamination. Surveillance was carried out in Kasur for this aim, and the results were assessed. Both males and females had a high prevalence of morbidity from various diseases, according to the findings.

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    Gulfam Hussain

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  • Abstract

    Determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) is the key area of research in development economics. Earlier studies did not give due weight to the segregation of analysis across economic, social, and institutional factors for FDI. This study specifically attempts to explore the intervening role of social and institutional factors which affects the relationship between economic factors and inward FDI. For this purpose, three segregate models relating to economic, social, and institutional factors along with a composite model comprised of all these factors are taken into consideration in this study. Panel data utilized is related to South Asian countries from 2008 to 2016. In the light of Breusch-Pagan LM Statistics, Pooled OLS estimates are preferred for analyses. This study leads to the conclusion that in segregation analysis economic factors and institutional factors have an important role in attracting FDI, but social factors have no significant role in this regard. The intervening role of social and institutional factors is not found in this study. The only factors which are recognized in the composite analysis are economic. Enlarged market size having an efficient financial market with no inflationary pressure is found to be an economic environment in the South Asian region which is helpful for attracting FDI. The rule of law is not found to be an effective characteristic for inward FDI.

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    Authors

    Nayyra Zeb, Ishtiaq Ahmad, Ali Azam & Hafeez Ur Rehman

  • Volume : 2 Issue : 1 Year: 2021

    THE IMPACT OF MONEY SUPPLY ON INFLATION IN PAKISTAN

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  • Abstract

    This study examines the relationship between inflation, Money supply, interest rate and unemployment in Pakistan using annual time series data from 1987 to 2019. Inflation is used as the dependent variable and money supply (M2), unemployment and interest rate as the independent variable. Discount rate is used as the proxy of the interest rate. The results of ADF unit root test shows that variables have different order of integration. The study used ARDL cointegration approach to test the long run and short run for the existence among the variables. The results found that there is long run as well as short run relationship among the variables.

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    Authors

    Rakia Nasir, Rozina Waheed & Wajiha Nasir

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  • Abstract

    In this article the reader’s will able to read opinion and context regarding children of female prisoners in the prison and outside the prison regarding education with or mental health, which taken as the hidden consequences of the circumstances. The emphasis lies into the fact that a voice of gross attention with loud should be given by the civil society and social activists. This study encompasses the key issues regarding the children within jail or outside the jail of incarcerated mothers; the survey has been made for these children for opinion and condition analysis for the impact upon their lives of incarcerated mothers. The situation of these children is the ignorance is the blessing. Our concerns are vital that this vice of attention should be taken by all and sundry.

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    Authors

    Anum Khalid Mirza, Muhammad Bashir Khan & Naveed Yousaf Sandhu